The FBI is the lead counterintelligence agency within the U.S. Intelligence Community.  The Louisville FBI, like field offices nationwide,  is tasked with preventing foreign espionage, economic espionage, and with investigating foreign counterintelligence cases within the borders of the United States.  The program is also involved in investigating and preventing international terrorism as well as attacks on the nation's critical infrastructures (i.e., communications, banking, and transportation systems).

The Louisville Division is actively involved in a Bureau-wide program called ANSIR (Awareness of National Security Issues and Response).  Through this program, a Louisville FBI Agent provides participating corporate security officers with unclassified national security threat and warning information that may affect their businesses.